Current measurement with Rogowski coils

A Rogowski coil is a simple measurement device which allows us to measure AC current without splitting the conductor. It consists of a helical coil of wire with the lead from one end returning through the centre of the coil to the other end so that both terminals are at the same end of the coil. This coil must be wrapped around the conductor where the current measurement will be done. This allows us a measurement without cutting, disconnecting or stripping the wire. The alternating current in the conductor will cause a voltage induction in the coil.

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Measurement with the Rogowski coil has several advantages. Rogowski coils are available for measuring very small currents (some 100mA) up to very high currents (>100 kA). The coil itself is flexible, thin, light and robust. Since there are no magnetic materials, the Rogowski coils cannot saturate and, therefore, have a high overload withstand capability. They are very linear and immune to DC currents which allow for measuring small AC currents with the presence of a large DC component. The bandwidth of the Rogowski coils depends on the type and price and can go up to several MHz.

There are also some disadvantages. Because the principle of measurement with the Rogowski coil is the measurement of the induced voltage caused by the current flowing inside of the coil, which is proportional to the derivate of the current, we must use an integrator circuit on the output side to make the output voltage proportional to the current flowing through the conductor. Therefore, an external power supply is necessary. It’s not possible to measure DC currents (exception: special types of Rogowski coils can measure DC currents). The biggest disadvantage of the Rogowski coil is the phase shift. The phase shift also depends heavily on the positioning of the coil (vertical and horizontal). This positioning error of the coil cannot be compensated using the Dewesoft sensor editor. But the phase and amplitude error due to frequency behaviour can be compensated using the sensor editor.

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