Chinese factory replaces 90% of humans with robots ...

The gravest fear that has rippled through humanity from the technology industry is that, someday, almost all of our jobs will be replaced by robots.

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While that fear is often laughed off as something that will only happen far into the future, the truth is that it’s actually happening right now.

In Dongguan City, located in the central Guangdong province of China, a technology company has set up a factory run almost exclusively by robots, and the results are fascinating.

The Changying Precision Technology Company factory in Dongguan has automated production lines that use robotic arms to produce parts for cell phones. The factory also has automated machining equipment, autonomous transport trucks, and other automated equipment in the warehouse.

There are still people working at the factory, though. Three workers check and monitor each production line and there are other employees who monitor a computer control system. Previously, there were 650 employees at the factory. With the new robots, there’s now only 60. Luo Weiqiang, general manager of the company, told the People’s Daily that the number of employees could drop to 20 in the future.

SEE: AI, Automation, and Tech Jobs

The robots have produced almost three times as many pieces as were produced before. According to the People’s Daily, production per person has increased from 8,000 pieces to 21,000 pieces. That’s a 162.5% increase.

The increased production rate hasn’t come at the cost of quality either. In fact, quality has improved. Before the robots, the product defect rate was 25%, now it is below 5%.

Shenzhen Evenwin Precision Technology, also based in Dongguan, announced a similar effort in May 2015. This region of China is often referred to as the “world’s workshop” due to the high number of factories located there.

The shift happening with automation has been in the works for many similar companies in the area for quite some time. Foxconn, the controversial manufacturer of many gadgets such as the iPhone and iPad announced its robot initiative back in 2011.

Dongguan is about an hour’s car ride north of Shenzhen, which is widely regarded as one of the top regions in the world for gadget manufacturing. The growth of robotics in the area’s factories comes amidst a particularly harsh climate around factory worker conditions, highlighted by strikes in the area. One can only wonder whether automation will add fuel to the fire or quell some of the unrest.

Some of the influx of robotics in the region is due to the Made in China 2025 initiative, and we will continue to see automation affect the area and potentially reduce the number of manufacturing jobs. Additionally, in March, 2015, the Guangdong government announced a three year plan to increase automation in the region by subsidizing the purchase of robots.

According to the International Federation of Robotics (IFR), electronics production was one of the biggest growth drivers for the sales of industrial robots. China was the largest market for industrial robotics in 2014 with nearly 60,000 robots sold.

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The tasks involved in running a farm change with the cyclical nature of the cultivation and harvest seasons. The tasks vary greatly for different crops and depend also upon the degree of mechanization. Starting in the 19th century, agricultural work underwent a transformation comparable to the change from handicraft to industrial mass production. At the beginning of that century, farming was primarily a family enterprise that rested upon age-old techniques and organization of work. Despite some technological innovations, such as the plow and seed drill, output was relatively small. In the late 19th and especially in the 20th century, output per farmer increased rapidly until, in the most technologically advanced countries, a small minority of farmers supplied entire populations with food. These changes stemmed from a series of advances such as improved power sources, mechanical devices such as the reaper and combine, a scientific approach to plant and animal breeding, better food processing and preservation, more-effective fertilizers and pesticides, and application of industrial management techniques to agriculture.

Further reading:
Innovation in Food Products Using Ozone Technology

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Factory farms

One of the more-comprehensive examples of agricultural “factory” production is seen in the poultry industry in the United States. A computerized feed bin mixes the feed and delivers it automatically to the cages. Water is delivered automatically, and waste is removed by mechanical means. When a chicken reaches the correct weight for processing, the slaughtering and packaging are performed on an assembly-line basis. Application of these techniques has sharply reduced the cost per pound of chicken, and a form of protein that was once a luxury has become a staple item of diet. Similar methods are used to raise veal calves and other meat-producing animals. Capital investment in such factory farms is high, meaning that production is backed by giant companies.

Migrant labour

The industrialization of agriculture meant that the small farm was being replaced by larger units, and this had profound consequences for agricultural labour. In the small-scale enterprise that had prevailed since antiquity, the farm family with perhaps a few hired hands had done all the work of planting, tending, and harvesting the crop, with neighbours helping each other during peak periods such as the harvest. But the advent of industrialization drew workers from the farms to the cities, and the increase in mechanization required fewer farm labourers on a year-round basis. There was still need, however, for many hands during planting and harvesting, especially for fruit and vegetable crops that matured at the same time and still required hand harvesting.

Further, mechanization of agricultural processes has reduced some demand for migrant labour. In the United States, for instance, the harvesting of wheat and cotton, which required the work of many migrants before World War II, is now largely mechanized and easily handled by regular farm employees. In mature economies migrant labour contributes little to total agricultural output and only a negligible amount to nonagricultural output. Nevertheless, the availability of migrant workers at the right time and place can be crucial, because, without them, large crop losses may occur.

In the United States the need for seasonal farm workers has been met by migrant workers, largely from Mexico and Latin American and Caribbean countries, although some native-born Americans continue to follow the harvesting season as it moves from south to north. The employment of these seasonal workers raises a number of social, political, and economic problems. Migrants are typically paid low wages with no fringe benefits. Their living and working conditions remain far below standard. In spite of this, they often look to migrant farm labour as a means of escaping the worse conditions of their native countries.

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